موقف الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية من الإطاحة بحكومة الرئيس لوزانو دياز في الهندوراس

وتداعياتها على الأوضاع الداخلية في البلاد 1956-1957

المؤلفون

  • د.يوسف ادريس عبدالرزاق فتحي جامعة الموصل - كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية قسم التاريخ

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65074/5k8hqm46

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الهندوراس، الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، لوزانو دياز، الانقلابات العسكرية، أمريكا الوسطى.

الملخص

يسلط البحث الضوء على موقف الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية من انقلاب عام 1956 وتداعياته على الأوضاع الداخلية في الهندوراس، وتحليل الأسباب الداخلية التي أدت إلى وقوع الانقلاب واستعراض مجرياته ونتائجه وتداعياته، فضلاً عن تقييم أثره في تطور النظام السياسي في الهندوراس.

تكمن أهمية البحث في كونه يسلط الضوء على حقبة تاريخية زاخرة بالمتغيرات السياسية الدولية وتعاظم الصراع بين المعسكر الغربي والشرقي، إذ لم يسبق لأحد من الباحثين تقديم دراسة اكاديمية عن الانقلاب العسكري الهندوراسي لعام 1956 وتداعياته على البلاد في ظل موقف الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية من المتغيرات الأمنية والعسكرية والاقتصادية في أمريكا الوسطى ومنطقة البحر الكاريبي بشكل عام، والهندوراس بشكل خاص كونها تتوسط جغرافياً هذه المنطقة، وبالتالي فان أي متغير سياسي في البلاد يرافقه فوضى وعدم استقرار من شأنه أن ينتقل إلى دول أمريكا الوسطى وهذا يعرض مصالح الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية إلى الخطر وهو ما يتعارض مع فلسفتها باعتبار منطقة أمريكا الوسطى مجالاً حيوياً لأمنها القومي.

وهذا يفسر تعامل الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية مع الانقلاب بواقعية أمنية وسياسية واقتصادية، وتمثل ذلك بعدم معارضتها للانقلاب وقبول الحكومة الجديدة، والتعاون معها ما دامت تحافظ على الاستقرار وتحمي المصالح الأمريكية.

الهدف الرئيسي من البحث هو إعطاء صورة متكاملة للقارئ عن موقف الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ودورها في إدارة الازمة الداخلية في الهندوراس بما يتماشى مع مصالحها ويعكس مدى نفوذها بالاعتماد على مجموعة كبيرة من الوثائق الرسمية الصادرة عن وزارة الخارجية الامريكية قدر تعلق الأمر بالمدة قيد الدراسة، باستخدام المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي والتاريخي لفهم الواقع وإعطاء صورة متكاملة للحدث التاريخي.

المراجع

اولاً: وثائق وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية:

_Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The American Republics, Volume IV, General Editor: William Z. Slany, United States Government Printing Office, (Washington:1983), The Ambassador in Honduras (Erwin) to the Department of State Documents No. 650, Tegucigalpa, April 24, 1952.

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_Documents Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The American Republics, Volume IV, Memorandum by the Secretary of State to the President, Subject: Unsettled Labor and Political Conditions in Honduras, Documents No. 815.062/5–1254, Washington, 11 May, 1954.

_Documents Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The American Republics, Volume IV, Memorandum by the Secretary of State to the President, Subject: Your question as to mechanism for informing other American Governments and obtaining advance approval of action we might take in case Honduras should call on us for aid under the Rio Treaty against armed intervention by Guatemala, Documents No. 715.00/5–1354, Washington, 17 May, 1954.

_Documents Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The American Republics, Volume IV, The Ambassador in Honduras (Willauer) to the Department of State, Documents No. 715.001/5–2354, Tegucigalpa, 23 May 1954.

_Documents Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The American Republics, Volume IV, The Secretary of State to the Embassy in Honduras, Documents No. 815.062/5–2454, Washington, May 24, 1954.

_Documents Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The American Republics, Volume IV, The Secretary of State to the Embassy in Honduras, Documents No. 815.062/6–454, Washington, 6 June 1954.

_Documents Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The American Republics, Volume IV, The Ambassador in Honduras (Willauer) to Claire L. Chennault, Documents No.556 , Tegucigalpa, June 30, 1954.

_Documents Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, The American Republics, Volume IV, The Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Holland) to the Ambassador in Honduras (Willauer), Documents No.557, Washington, 16 July, 1954.

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ثانياً: الكتب الأجنبية:

-Leonard m. Thomas, 2012, Us-Latin Relation vol.1, CQ Press.

ثالثاً: شبكة المعلومات الدولية الانترنت على الروابط التالية:

(https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lozano-diaz-julio-1885-1957 ).

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anastasio-Somoza )

https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/v/villeda.htm )

https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/carias.htm ).

https://www.laprensa.hn/honduras/oswaldo-lopez-arellano-fallece-a-los-89-anos-ERLP498297 )

التنزيلات

منشور

2026-06-30

إصدار

القسم

التاريخ الحديث

كيفية الاقتباس

فتحي يوسف. 2026. "موقف الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية من الإطاحة بحكومة الرئيس لوزانو دياز في الهندوراس : وتداعياتها على الأوضاع الداخلية في البلاد 1956-1957". مجلة دراسات في التاريخ والآثار 3 (101): 379-406. https://doi.org/10.65074/5k8hqm46.

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