أثر المياه على الخلاف بين تركيا ودول الجوار العربي

1980-1990

المؤلفون

  • م.د علاء مشرف سليمان قسم التاريخ/ كلية الاداب/ جامعة الانبار
  • م.م احمد جاسم محمد قسم التاريخ / كلية الاداب/ جامعة الانبار

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65074/xebv1k64

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الخلاف، تركيا، العراق، سوريا، المياه

الملخص

تناول البحث اثر المياه على الخلاف بين تركيا ودول الجوار العربي 1980-1990 اذ تعد مشكلة المياه من اخطر المشاكل بين تركيا وسوريا والعراق لانها بطبيعة الحال مست حياة الشعوب بشكل مباشر، وقد اثر ذلك الخلاف على العلاقات بين تلك الدول خلال تلك الفترة بشكل كبير لاسيما ان الخلاف يعود الى جذور تاريخية عانت منه سوريا والعراق ولم تتمكن الدولتين من الوصول الى حل مع تركيا حول المياه، واستمر الخلاف مع مرور الزمن.

     كانت هناك محاولات لحل تلك الازمة مع بدايات الثمانينيات القرن الماضي وذلك من خلال بروتوكول للتعاون الاقتصادي والفني بين العراق وسوريا ومن ثم انضمام سوريا فيما بعد، اذ اريد من خلال البروتوكول التوصل الى صيغة توضح طبيعة السيطرة على المياه وكذلك انشاء لجنة فنية الهدف منها كان القيام بالدراسات لحوضي دجلة والفرات وإيجاد حلول لها، الا ان تركيا كانت لديها نوايا بالتوسع في المشاريع والسدود على نهري دجلة والفرات وأنشاء مشاريع ضخمة غير مبالية بالضرر الذي سيلحق بالعراق وسوريا، والدليل على ذلك ان اللجنة الفنية المشتركة بين تركيا وسوريا والعراق التي اريد منها إيجاد حلول لحل مشكلة المياه فشلت ولم تقدم شيء يذكر.

     كان لدى تركيا وجهة نظر حول مشكلة المياه، اذ ادعت ان استخدام المياه يجب ان يكون استخدام عادل ومثالي ومعقول لمجاري مياه نهري دجلة والفرات بدل ان تذهب تلك المياه الى شط العرب دون الاستفادة منها بشكل معقول، اذ اقترحت خطة ثلاثية المراحل لتحديد كمية المياه التي تحتاجها سوريا والعراق، ورأت انه ليس من المعقول مطالبتها من قبل العراق وسوريا بمقاسمة المياه التركية وعدت مياه دجلة والفرات هي مياه تركيا وليس من حق أي دولة ان تطالبها بمقاسمة المياه.

     ان المشاريع والسدود الضحمة التي انشأتها تركيا او التي ستنشئها ولدت حالة من انعدام الثقة لدى العراق وسوريا في مدى جدية تركيا بإيجاد حل للخروج من ذلك الخلاف، فأن تركيا كانت تبرر انشاء تلك المشاريع بأنها ستقلل من خطر الفيضانات وستوفر كميات منتظمة من المياه لدول الجوار العربي، بينما رأى كل من العراق وسوريا بأن تلك المشاريع ستضر بالحصص المائية وستقلل منها الى درجة كبيرة وستتقلص المساحات الزراعية وستؤدي الى ارتفاع الملوحة وزيادة التلوث وهجرة العديد من الفلاحين.

     كانت هناك محاولة أخيرة بانعقاد بروتوكول بين تركيا وسوريا عام 1987، دون دعوة العراق للانضمام، أصرت تركيا على ان تساوى الحصة المائية لسوريا مع العراق الا ان الأخير رفض واعرب عن اسفه لعدم دعوته، إلا انه في النهاية فشل البروتوكول ولم يتم التوصل الى حل يرضي جميع الأطراف.

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التنزيلات

منشور

2026-06-30

إصدار

القسم

التاريخ الحديث

كيفية الاقتباس

سليمان علاء, و محمد احمد. 2026. "أثر المياه على الخلاف بين تركيا ودول الجوار العربي : 1980-1990". مجلة دراسات في التاريخ والآثار 3 (101): 804-33. https://doi.org/10.65074/xebv1k64.

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