Robert Lansing and his stance on the problems of American neutrality in World War I
(1914-1915)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65074/pzaq8n20Keywords:
روبرت لانسينغ – الحياد – الولايات المتحدة الامريكية - سياسةAbstract
Robert Lansing, an advisor to the US State Department, emerged as a prominent figure during a critical historical period coinciding with the outbreak of World War I and the subsequent preparations for redrawing the map of the postwar world. Lansing was a brilliant legal mind and a highly professional civil servant whose abilities often exceeded the scope of his official role as an advisor to the State Department. Consequently, he was close to President Woodrow Wilson. Lansing sought to formulate the legal framework for American neutrality, striving to maintain a fundamental pillar of the neutrality strategy, even while concealing his sympathies for the Entente Powers. This was revealed by the circumstances of the war, creating a rift between him and Secretary of State Brian. American neutrality policy underwent dangerous turning points, particularly with Germany's adoption of submarine warfare, which exacerbated existing disagreements within the State Department. These disagreements culminated in Brian's resignation and President Woodrow Wilson's selection of Robert Lansing as Secretary of State, given his close relationship with him and his deep understanding of the intricacies of American foreign policy .
References
1- Glaser , Dvid , Robert lansing : a study in statecraft , library of congress , 2015 , p. 8
- أسماعيل ، مأمون شاكر ، روبرت لانسينغ ونشاطه القانوني والفكري في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية حتى عام 1914 ، مجلة دراسات في التاريخ والاثار ، العدد(96) ، نيسان 2025 ، ص 540 .
3- المصدر نفسه ، ص 540
4- Smith , Daniel , Robert Lansing and the American Neutrality 1914-1917,Da Capo Press New York , 1972 , p. 1
5-أسماعيل ، مأمون شاكر ، المصدر السابق ، ص 541
6- Smith, Daniel , op.cit., p. 1
7- Glaser , David ., op.cit., p. 9
8- برز صراع اقليمي بين الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وبريطانيا حول تجارة الفراء في قارة أمريكا الشمالية ومصائد بحر بيرنغ وقد أحيل ذلك الصراع الى التحكيم الدولي طبقا لمعاهدة التاسع والعشرين من شباط عام 1892 لتحديد الحقوق الدولية في الصيد ومبادئ التجارة الاقليمية ،. لمزيد من التفاصيل ينظر الى مجموعة الوثائق الخاصة بالمباحثات :
Fur seal arbitrations , proceedings of the tribunal of arbitration , convened at Paris under the treaty between the united states of America and great Britain , Washington , February 29 ,1892, government printing office,1895,vol.16.
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